The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.